# Technology and Cyber

64 Va. J. Int’l L. 1 (2023) ♦ Article

Europe’s Digital Constitution

This Article uncovers the fundamental values underlying the European Union’s expansive set of digital regulations, which in aggregate can be viewed as Europe’s “digital constitution.” This constitution engrains Europe’s human-centric, rights-preserving…

ANU BRADFORD

60 Va. J. Int’l L. 363 (2020) ♦ Article

Against Privatized Censorship: Proposals for Responsible Delegation

From beheadings to hate speech, the internet is awash in material that poses risks to a range of state objectives. And in light of recent events—from Facebook’s role in the genocide in Myanmar to the ways in which social media was used by the perpetrator of the…

MOLLY K. LAND

59 Va. J. Int’l L. 47 (2019) ♦ Article

Outsourcing of Governmental Functions in Contemporary Conflict: Rethinking the Issue of Attribution

It is common today for private entities to carry out activities that, in years past, were considered governmental in nature. Privatization and outsourcing have increased markedly across all sectors of government, ranging from the railways and prisons to…

JENNIFER MADDOCKS

63 Va. J. Int’l L. 209 (2023) ♦ Article

Mind the Gap(s) – The Need to Resolve Uncertainties in the International Law of Cyber Warfare

Emerging evidence demonstrates the growing significance of cyber operations in the context of armed conflicts and aggression. Despite increasing concerns of the international community, no specialised international legal regime has been developed to govern…

SHIRAN SHAHAF

59 Va. J. Int’l L. 220 (2019) ♦ Article

Unfriendly Choice of Law in FRAND

Standards are technical specifications providing a common design for products or processes to function compatibly with others. Standards are pervasive in various communications and platform technologies since they facilitate interoperability between different products….

KING FUNG TSANG & JYH-AN LEE

57 Va. J. Int’l L. 455 (2018) ♦ Note

A Design-Around for the United States Design Patent System: What Can the United States Learn from the United Kingdom and Canada in the Aftermath of Samsung v. Apple?

The recent Samsung v. Apple design patent litigation has generated substantial discussion of the United States design patent system’s weaknesses, particularly with respect to technologically complex products. In late 2016, the United States Supreme Court…

KATHERINE MCNUTT